Originality of theoretical approaches of historical anthropology in the space of philosophical-historical concepts of the XXth – early XXIst century

Abstract

The purpose of this work is to identify and understand the theoretical features of the historical- anthropological paradigm of the modern philosophy of history in comparison with other philosophical-historical concepts, which contributes to understanding the essence and advantages of the study of causality, content and prospects of historical dynamics by historical anthropology. Research results. A significant reason for the formation of historical-anthropological concepts in the reflective field of the modern philosophy of history is the presence of theoretical gaps in the analysis by known directions of philosophical-historical thought of the causes, essence and alternatives of historical dynamics, the study of mainly its individual dimensions. To a much lesser extent, they comprehend the factors of the historical development of non-Western civilizations. The above-mentioned philosophical and historical theories are aimed at exploring patterns in the socio- cultural and economic-political processes of the past and do not essentially analyze their nonlinear, «random» components, which can be largely explained by the neglect of studies of both the conscious and unconscious components of the psychological sphere of historical dynamics. This work analyzes the conceptual elements organic to historical anthropology as a modern philosophy of history, such as systematicity, motivation, comprehensiveness, dialogicity, universalism, and multidisciplinary nature. The set of these theoretical elements determines the originality of historical-anthropological concepts in relation to other philosophical-historical paradigms. Among the latter, it is worth noting the theories of cultural-historical types of O. Spengler, «local civilizations» of A. J. Toynbee, «clash of civilizations» of S. Huntington, «axial time» of K. Jaspers, Marxism and neo-Marxism (I. Wallerstein), Protestant ethics of M. Weber. The study of the mental-cultural plane of virtually all civilizational communities by historical anthropology is of great importance. The philosophical- historical understanding of the indicated problem field turns out to be promising in the analysis of philosophical and socio-humanitarian cognition of causality and content of modern and promising socio-cultural dynamics.