Theoretical features of the historical-anthropological version of the modern philosophy of history

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of unconscious components at the stage of discovery of new knowledge as a result of insight. Studies of the process of scientific creativity have proven that the main role in cognitive-heuristic activity at this stage is played by the unconscious sphere of the subject of knowledge. However, researchers have hardly considered the question of what processes occur at the subconscious level during heuristic search, what implicit cognitive components participate in these processes. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to analyze the specifics of the functioning of the subconscious at the stage of heuristic search and the role of unconscious factors in this, in particular, tacit knowledge. To achieve this goal, personal accounts, memories and reflections on the process of scientific creativity of prominent scientists of the 20th century were analyzed. The goal also determined the scientific novelty of this work, which consists in studying the participation of specific types of unconscious knowledge in the process of insight formation. The main part. At the heuristic stage, the limitations of verbal-conceptual cognition, which works only with rigidly formalized information, become apparent. In contrast, in the unconscious there are no such “rules” and limitations, so at the subconscious level there is always the opportunity to go beyond the known and discover new knowledge. Research has shown that one of the necessary stages for finding a new solution is the creation of a fundamentally new systemic cognitive integrity, which should replace the construction based on a rational basis. To do this, it is often necessary to radically change the conception of fundamental principles that are almost not realized by the subject of cognition. As a result, a new systemic cognitive integrity is formed, which replaces the previous one, which was based exclusively on rational principles. In the creation and effective functioning of this integrity, a significant role is played by implicit, tacit knowledge of various types, for example, such varieties as anti-paradigmatic, contextual, reduced and associative. The main principles of such cognitive integrity are not realized until the completion of the intuitive search and the stage of verbalization of the found knowledge. The conclusions are to prove the particularly significant role of unconscious factors at the stage of heuristic search for new knowledge. They can be used in the training of future scientists or in the study of already made discoveries for a better understanding of the process of scientific creativity.