Theoretical features of the historical-anthropological version of the modern philosophy of history

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to identify and reveal the content of the theoretical features of the historical-anthropological version of the modern philosophy of history in the horizon of its comprehension of the mental-cultural plane of the past, causality, essence and alternatives of the development of historical dynamics. The methodology of this work is based on the principles, complementarity, structurality, dialogicity and methods of philosophical hermeneutics, system-structural, and interdisciplinary. Research results. Historical anthropology as a version of the modern philosophy of history began to form in the first third of the twentieth century. in the context of a number of important socio-historical, socio-cultural and theoretical-methodological reasons. The theoretical features of historical-anthropological explorations were formed on the intellectual basis of the achievements of a number of branches of philosophical and social-humanitarian thought, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of history, philosophy of structuralism and post-structuralism, theoretical sociology and ethnology. In the course of the intellectual and cognitive development of historical anthropology as a version of modern philosophy of history, a fundamental system of concepts and categories was formed for it, ontological (elements of the problem field and their content), methodological (cognitive methods) and axiological (system of values and ideals). The set of theoretical foundations, concepts and categories, research methods, problem field, mental and cultural plane of historical processes inherent in the historical-anthropological horizon of modern philosophy of history, determine its originality in relation to other paradigms of the philosophy of history of the 20th – early 21st centuries, linear, cyclical, the theory of «axial time» by K. Jaspers. The originality of the historical-anthropological version of the modern philosophy of history is manifested in its innovative cognitive activity, which is of significant importance for the development of philosophical and socio-humanitarian concepts. It is implemented in such areas as conducting an intensive interdisciplinary dialogue, applying the approaches of multi-valued logic and synergetics for the humanitarian plane of different-level historical processes. The extensive structure of historical anthropology, which includes the general-theoretical, particular-theoretical and special-theoretical levels of the mental core and the intellectual-cognitive periphery, allows this version of the modern philosophy of history to understand the mental-cultural, ethical-worldview aesthetic aspects of historical processes through the comprehension of a wide range of psychological-cultural causalities and phenomena of the past. Understanding the humanitarian horizon of history is carried out by historical-anthropological concepts on different horizons of historical existence in terms of complexity, individual, social groups, «local civilizations», global. The presence of theoretical features of historical anthropology, conceptual foundations, concepts and categories, intellectual and cognitive originality, innovative activity, structure determine its content as a version of modern philosophical-historical thought and its significance in the mental universe of philosophical and social-humanitarian cognition.