Historical aspects of formation and development mosaic techniques from the time of Kyivan Rus to the XXI century. in Ukraine

Abstract

The article analyzes some aspects of the formation and development of mosaic technique from the time of Kievan Rus to the 21st century. In Ukraine in the world context. The study discusses the pages of the history of the emergence and formation of mosaic and technique of mosaic creation, its cultural importance as a means of graphic expressiveness and analyzed the use of these techniques for the purpose of their use in art and design. The purpose of the study is to determine and analyze some aspects of formation and development of mosaic technique from the time of Kievan Rus to the 21st century. In Ukraine, because of the need to promote mosaic art as one of the ancient types of monumental art. Mosaic is one of the types of monumental art used to decorate decorative and applied products, architecture, it is an image that is made of homogeneous or different parts (smalt, ceramics, stone, etc.). Therefore, the subject of research is – technology, technology, features of mosaic works from ancient times to the present in Ukraine in the world context. The historiography of the formation and development of mosaic technique was analyzed, and that artists and scientists worked on the study of the development of mosaic technique. The research methodology is based on universal principles – historical and scientific objectivity, as well as the widespread use of comparative, systemic methods. Such scientists, specialists as Yu. Aseev, T. Vilkul, D. Ainalov, M. Bevz, N. Poddubna and others made a significant contribution to the study of mosaic development in Ukraine and in the world. For several millennia of its existence, mosaic has entered our daily life, especially in the 1960s and 1980s. Mosaic can also become a part of the present in the context of street art, part of social projects, forming a visual culture, the worldview of man, especially in the period of difficult trials of today in Ukraine. The language of mosaic art has a significant resource of expressiveness, which was used by monumentalists and designers in the twentieth century. It can be argued that mosaic technique has undergone significant changes in comparison with the time of its formation in the Byzantine period and to the present in Ukraine. Monumentalists and designers continue to search for new promising tools and methods for enriching mosaic technique, so today it becomes a need to popularize the art of mosaic. It is important to take into account the scale, location, effect of color and expressiveness of the mosaic composition to create the desired image in the present. It can be argued that the art of mosaics, technical capabilities and advantages, in the future, it is necessary to use for the development of national traditions of monumental art in Ukraine.