Contribution of the Academic Science of Ukraine in the Nuclear, Missile, and Space Industry: Fragments of History

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15421/272007

Abstract

The contribution of scientists of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine to the organization of nuclear-physical research in various socio-historical conditions of the country's development is highlighted. Concrete developments in the nuclear, missile and space industries of NAS of Ukraine scientists against the background of world achievements are analyzed. The forms of scientific work in the Academy of Sciences, the interaction of the institutes and laboratories that began to be created in the state are shown. Emphasis on the contribution of special scientists to the development and implementation of research results is made. An attempt to uncover some aspects of the work of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology, the role of definite scientists in the development of a wide range of nuclear-physical studies is shown. The article emphasizes that due to the productive activity of scientists of academic institutes and laboratories significant scientific results have been obtained. They have contributed to the development of many industries and the state in total.

An attempt to uncover the beginning of the development of measuring radiation technology has been made. Starting from the organization of Ukrainian Physical and Technical Institute, the works on the creation of an All-Union cryogenic laboratory such as Leiden, where powerful installations for the extraction of liquid air, hydrogen and helium were planned have begun. It was the fourth laboratory in the world after laboratories in Leiden, Toronto and Berlin. In 1930, a liquid air machine was installed here.

The introduction of nuclear power plants on the territory of Ukraine and the requirements to improve the safety of their work dictated by the necessity to intensify scientific researches. Results of scientific activity of scientists of the Institute of Nuclear Research are shown. Achievements of cooperation of scientists of the Institute of Nuclear Research with colleagues from the Institute of Materials Science of the USSR Academy of Sciences are analyzed. It was emphasized that a number of arrangements were taken by the People's Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR, the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and the party organisations. It made possible to renew activity at the Ukrainian Physical and Technical Institute, training of personnel, and to engage scientific institutions and specialists to the work on the using of nuclear energy.

Published

2021-02-04